Weight loss Surgery in Pune

Types of Bariatric Surgery

Bariatric surgery can be classified into three main categories based on the mechanism of weight loss: restrictive, malabsorptive, and combination (restrictive and malabsorptive).

Restrictive Procedures

Restrictive procedures limit the amount of food the stomach can hold, thereby reducing calorie intake. These procedures are generally less invasive and have a lower risk of complications compared to malabsorptive or combination procedures.

1. Sleeve Gastrectomy (Gastric Sleeve)
   • Description: This procedure involves removing approximately 70-80% of the stomach, creating a tube-like or “sleeve” structure. The new stomach is smaller and shaped like a banana, which limits the amount of food it can hold.
   • How It Works: The reduced stomach size restricts food intake and promotes feelings of fullness with smaller portions. The surgery also removes the part of the stomach that produces ghrelin, a hormone that stimulates hunger.
   • Advantages: Simpler procedure than gastric bypass, no rerouting of intestines, and a lower risk of vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
   • Risks: Potential for staple line leaks, bleeding, infection, acid reflux, and long-term nutrient deficiencies (less common than with malabsorptive procedures).
2. Adjustable Gastric Banding (Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding or Lap-Band)

• • Description: In this procedure, a silicone band is placed around the upper part of the stomach to create a small pouch that can hold only a small amount of food. The size of the band can be adjusted by inflating or deflating it with saline through a port placed under the skin.
  • How It Works: The band creates a small stomach pouch that fills quickly, restricting food intake and slowing the passage of food to the lower stomach, which helps control hunger and promotes satiety.
  • Advantages: Less invasive, reversible, adjustable, and a lower risk of nutritional deficiencies compared to other procedures.
  • Risks: Band slippage, erosion, infection, port complications, and the need for additional surgeries for adjustment or removal. Weight loss is generally slower and less dramatic compared to other bariatric procedures.

Malabsorptive Procedures

Malabsorptive procedures reduce the absorption of calories and nutrients by altering the digestive tract. These procedures are less common today due to the higher risk of complications and long-term nutritional deficiencies.

1. Biliopancreatic Diversion (BPD) with or without Duodenal Switch (DS)
   • Description: BPD is a less commonly performed procedure that involves removing a large portion of the stomach and rerouting the small intestine to a small stomach pouch, bypassing a significant length of the small intestine. The DS variant preserves the pyloric valve and a portion of the duodenum, adding a gastric sleeve component.
   • How It Works: This procedure combines restriction and malabsorption. The smaller stomach pouch restricts food intake, and the shortened intestine limits calorie and nutrient absorption.
   • Advantages: Effective for significant weight loss and excellent control of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
   • Risks: Higher risk of malnutrition, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, dumping syndrome, diarrhea, and bowel obstructions. Requires lifelong supplementation and monitoring.

Combination Procedures (Restrictive and Malabsorptive)

Combination procedures involve both restriction and malabsorption to enhance weight loss.

• Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)
• • Description: The most commonly performed type of bariatric surgery worldwide. It involves creating a small stomach pouch from the upper part of the stomach and connecting it directly to the small intestine, bypassing a significant portion of the stomach and the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).
  • How It Works: The small stomach pouch limits food intake, and the bypassed portion of the intestine reduces calorie and nutrient absorption. Additionally, it alters gut hormones to help reduce appetite and improve satiety.
  • Advantages: Significant and sustained weight loss, improvement in obesity-related conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and sleep apnea.
  • Risks: Dumping syndrome (rapid gastric emptying leading to nausea, diarrhea, and dizziness), nutritional deficiencies, bowel obstruction, ulcers, and anastomotic leaks.

Indications for Bariatric Surgery

Bariatric surgery is typically considered for individuals who meet the following criteria:

1. Body Mass Index (BMI):
   • BMI of 40 or higher (morbid obesity).
   • BMI of 35-39.9 with at least one significant obesity-related comorbidity (e.g., type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, severe joint disease).
   • BMI of 30-34.9 with uncontrolled diabetes or metabolic syndrome in some cases.
2. Failed Non-Surgical Weight Loss Attempts: Patients should have attempted non-surgical methods, such as diet, exercise, behavioral therapy, and medications, without achieving or maintaining significant weight loss.
3. Psychological Stability and Readiness: Patients should undergo psychological evaluation to ensure they are mentally and emotionally prepared for the lifestyle changes required after surgery.
4. Commitment to Long-Term Follow-Up: Patients must commit to lifelong medical follow-up, including monitoring for nutritional deficiencies, adjusting dietary intake, and maintaining physical activity.

Benefits of Bariatric Surgery

Bariatric surgery offers several benefits beyond weight loss, including:

• Significant and Sustained Weight Loss: Most patients achieve substantial weight loss, with the extent varying by procedure type.
• Improvement or Resolution of Comorbidities: Bariatric surgery can improve or resolve many obesity-related conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, and fatty liver disease.
• Enhanced Quality of Life: Many patients experience improvements in physical function, self-esteem, mental health, and overall quality of life.
• Reduced Mortality Risk: Studies have shown that bariatric surgery can reduce the long-term risk of death from obesity-related conditions.

Risks and Complications of Bariatric Surgery

While bariatric surgery is generally safe, it carries potential risks and complications, which can be categorized as short-term and long-term:

Short-Term Risks and Complications

• Anesthesia Risks: Complications related to anesthesia, particularly in patients with severe obesity or comorbidities.
• Surgical Complications: Bleeding, infection, blood clots (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism), and leaks from the surgical connections (anastomosis) are possible.
• Gastrointestinal Issues: Nausea, vomiting, and constipation are common immediately after surgery as the digestive system adapts.
• Dumping Syndrome: Especially with gastric bypass, where rapid emptying of food into the small intestine causes symptoms like nausea, sweating, dizziness, and diarrhea.

Long-Term Risks and Complications

• Nutritional Deficiencies: Due to reduced absorption of nutrients, patients are at risk of deficiencies in vitamins (B12, D, folate), minerals (calcium, iron), and proteins. Lifelong supplementation and monitoring are required.
• Bowel Obstruction: Scar tissue from surgery can lead to bowel obstructions, which may require additional surgery.
• Gallstones: Rapid weight loss can increase the risk of gallstone formation. Some patients may require gallbladder removal.
• Ulcers: Particularly at the site of the stomach-intestine connection (anastomosis) in gastric bypass patients.
• Hernias: Both incisional and internal hernias can occur after surgery and may require repair.
• Psychological Effects: Changes in body image and rapid weight loss can affect mental health. Some patients may develop eating disorders, such as binge eating or alcohol use disorder.

Preoperative Preparation for Bariatric Surgery

Proper preparation before bariatric surgery is essential to minimize risks and optimize outcomes:

• Medical Evaluation: Comprehensive assessment by a multidisciplinary team, including a bariatric surgeon, internist, dietitian, psychologist, and other specialists as needed.
• Nutritional Assessment: Patients may need to follow a specific preoperative diet to reduce liver size and improve surgical access.
• Psychological Evaluation: Assessment of mental health status and readiness for surgery and post-surgical lifestyle changes.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Patients are encouraged to adopt healthier eating habits, increase physical activity, and stop smoking to reduce surgical risks.
• Education and Counseling: Patients should be educated about the surgery, potential risks, lifestyle changes, and the importance of follow-up care.

Postoperative Care and Follow-Up

Postoperative care and long-term follow-up are critical components of successful bariatric surgery:

• Immediate Postoperative Care: Includes pain management, prevention of complications (e.g., blood clots, infections), and gradual progression from a liquid diet to solid foods.
• Nutritional Support: Patients require lifelong nutritional supplementation (multivitamins, calcium, vitamin D, iron, B12) and periodic lab monitoring to detect deficiencies.
• Dietary Guidelines: A structured diet plan

Meet The Weight Loss Sergery  Specialist Dr. Suhasini Jadhav

Are you looking for a weight loss clinic near you and a weight loss surgery in Pune, Kharadi, Viman Nagar, Koregaon Park, and nearby areas? Consult Dr. Suhasini Jadhav. As a weight loss surgeon and treatment in Pune, Contact us now to know, about the weight loss surgery cost in Pune. 

Areas We Serve: Kharadi, Viman Nagar, Koregaon Park, Dhanori, Mundhwa, Hadapsar, Lohegaon, Kalyani Nagar, Wagholi, Yerawada, Chandan Nagar, Magarpatta, Wadgaon Sheri, Ubale Nagar, Keshav Nagar, Manjri, Sainikwadi.